1. ——— protocol helps e-mail communication. Ans:      Simple Mail Transfer Protocol

2. What is DNS server?

When we give a URL to the browser the Domain Name System (DNS)server return the IP address of the server in which the web site is actually hosted .

3. What is the basic protocol followed in internet communication?  Ans: TCP/IP

4. What is the difference between HTTP and HTTPS?

Hyper Text Transfer Protocol(HTTP)is a standard protocol used for communication between client (Browser) and server (Web server). HTTPS (Hyper Text Transfer Protocol Secure) works using Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) which provides a standard security technology for establishing an encrypted connection between computers on Internet.

5. The user name and password of an e-mail account has to be sent securely over the Internet.

a. Name the technology used to send the data to the server.

b. How does this technology support secure data communication?

Ans. A). In such cases we use HTTPS (Hyper Text Transfer Protocol Secure) technology to encrypt the username and password, and then send it to the server.

B). HTTPS works using Secure Sockets Layer  (SSL) which provides a standard security technology for establishing an encrypted connection between computers on Internet. When the browser requests for a secure web page, the server first returns its SSL certificate. Browser check its validity with certification authority . If it is valid the encrypted data transmission starts.

6. SSL stands for — — — —  Ans:            Secure Sockets Layer

7. What is the role of payment gateway in online purchases?

Payment gateway is a server that acts as a bridge between merchant server and bank server and transfers money in an encrypted format whenever an online payment/money transfer is made.

8. What is a web server? What are its components?

A web server enables us to deliver web pages or services like e-mail, blog, etc. to users on the Internet.

A web server can have single or multiple processors, fast access RAM, high performance hard disks, Ethernet cards that supports fast communication. A server operating system like openSUSE, Microsoft Windows Server, FreeBSD, Oracle Solaris, etc is installed and a web server software like Apache Server, Microsoft Internet Information Server (IIS), Google Web Server (GWS).

9. What are software ports? How they differ from hardware port?

A software port is used to connect a client computer to a server to access its services like HTTP, FTP, SMTP, etc. To distinguish  the ports, the software ports are given unique numbers Eg. http://google.com:80

10. What are the software port used for following a). HTTP  b). FTP  c). SMTP  d). DNS

Ans :a). 80 b). 20 & 21 c). 25 d). 53

11. A Domain Name System returns the ___________ of a domain name. Ans: IP address

12. The number of bits in a software port number is_____.  Ans. 16

13. Name some web design soft wares

Bluefish, Bootstrap, Adobe Dreamweaver, Microsoft Expression Web

14. What are the difference between static and dynamic web pages?

Sr. No.	Key	Static Web Page	Dynamic Web Page
1	Definition	Static web pages are generally simple HTML written pages which serve as response from browser to server in which all the information and data is static in nature and it does not get changed until someone changed it manually.	On other hand Dynamic webpages are the pages written in some more complex language such as ASP.NET in which data is rendered after some interpretation and capacity to produce distinctive content for different calls.
2	Complexity	As mentioned in above point as data in static web pages is static and do not require any interpretation before rendering so static web pages are simple in complexity.	Dynamic web pages on other hand does the interpretation process which make data dynamic in nature and due to which dynamic web pages become complex in complexity as compare to static web pages.
3	Language used	Static web pages are generally written in simpler languages such as HTML, JavaScript, CSS, etc.	On other Dynamic web pages are written in more complex languages such as CGI, AJAX, ASP, ASP.NET, etc.
4	Rendered Data	For static web pages data do not changes until someone changes it manually and hence data is static in nature.	On other hand for Dynamic web page data is first interoperate at server side and due to which it does not remain same on every call and this makes data dynamic in nature..
5	Time	Static web pages due to static data take less time to get load.	While Dynamic web pages due to dynamic data take comparatively more time as compare to static web pages.
6	Database	In Static web pages generally no involvement of database for data redecoration.	On other hand in case of Dynamic web page database is used for data redecoration.

15. What are scripts in web page design?

Scripts are program codes written inside HTML pages Scripting languages like JavaScript, VB script, PHP etc are used for it.

16. What is the difference between client and server side scripting ?

Client side scripting is used to perform any task at the client side and is executed in the browser. It is used for validation user end. User can block it. Also the client side browser affects it.

Server side scripts are executed in the server.. The output of the execution sent to the client in the form of an HTML page The server side scripting is used to connect database etc. The user can’t block it. The Client side browser does not affect it

17. What is the use of CSS in HTML?

Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) is a style sheet language used for describing the formatting of a document written in HTML like font, line spacing border, background etc. It allows us to separate HTML content from its style which make it easy for maintenance. We can reuse the same code for all the pages.. allows adapting a web page to devices with different screen sizes such as desktop monitors, tablets or mobiles.

18. Embedded CSS codes are placed within the —– — part of the HTML document.  Ans: <HEAD>

19.What are the different ways of implementing CSS

a). In inline style: CSS style is applied to each tag separately

b). Embedded CSS codes are placed within the <HEAD> part

c). Linked CSS using an external file with the file extension .css

20. ———– and ———— are the main sections in an HTML document.  Ans:<HEAD> and <BODY>

21. What are Container tags and Empty tags in HTML?

Tags that require opening tag as well as closing tag are known as container tags Eg.<HTML>

Tags do not require closing tag are known as empty tags Eg. <BR>

22. Explain attribute of an HTML tag.

The  parameters included within the opening tag to provide additional information like color, size are called attributes. Each tag has a standard set of attributes and we can use them as per the requirement. Eg.<FONT COLOR=BLUE SIZE=5>

23. What are the attributes of the tag <HTML>?

The main attributes of the <HTML> tag are Dir and Lang.

The Dir attribute specifies the direction of the text to be displayed on the web page. Its values are ltr (left-to-right) or rtl (right-to-left). The Lang attribute specifies the language used within the document.

Eg. <HTML Dir = “rtl” Lang = “en”>

24. Explain Link, Alink and Vlink of <Body> tag.

Link: It specifies the colour of the hyperlinks that are not visited . The default colour is blue.

Alink: It specifies the colour of the active hyperlink(the moment the mouse is clicked on it). The default colour is green.

Vlink: It specifies the colour of the hyperlink which is already visited. The default colour is purple.

25. Explain <BR> and <HR> tags in HTML.

The <BR> tag is used to creates a line break within the text in a web page. It is an empty tag.

The <HR> tag produces a horizontal line spread across the width of the browser window.

The size (thickness) and width (length) of the line using its attributes Size and Width.

Eg. 1<HR Width= “50%” Align= “center”>

26. . Explain text formatting tags in HTML.

a) . <B> : This tag sets the text style to bold.

b). <I> : It sets the text style to italics.

c). <U> : It used to underline a text

d). <S> or <STRIKE> : It  display the text in strike through style.

e). <BIG> : used to make the content one size bigger than the current font size.

f). <SMALL> : used to make the content one size smaller than the current font size

g). <STRONG> : It is just the same as <B> tag which sets the text style to bold

h). <EM> : used to emphasis the text usually make it italics

i). <SUB> :  to set the text into subscript form

j). <SUP> :  to set the text into super script form

All these tags are container tags.

27. Write HTML tag to display the following

a). H₂O b). X²+Y²=Z² c). a<b d).a>b  e). © f). ™ g). ® h). &

Ans:

a). H₂O

b). X² + Y² = Z²

c). a@lt b d). a@gt b e). &copy f). &trade g. &reg h). &amp

28. How can we add comments in HTML ?

HTML comments are placed within <!– –> tag. Comments will be completely ignored by the browser and are not displayed in the browser window.